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The History of Spode and Minton
Josiah Spode I,
1733-1797
Josiah Spode, a former apprentice of the great Staffordshire potter, Thomas Whieldon, and continued by his son Josiah Spode II. Josiah Spode I established a factory in 1761 in Shelton,and another in the town of Stoke in 1764.
He built up a highly successful business, first in cream ware (a delicate cream-colored earthenware) and later (from 1784) in pearl ware (fine white-glazed earthenware) transfer-printed in blue; his son, also trained as a potter, ran the firm's warehouse in London. Josiah Spode II led the development of bone china, which became the standard English porcelain body from about 1800 onwards.
Spode's two famous contributions to the Pottery Industry were the perfection of transfer printing in 1784 and the development of fine bone china in about 1799. (although bone china is a porcelain it is always referred to as bone china) The successful development of bone china by the Spode factory at Stoke-on-Trent (around 1770-present - the exact date the factory was stared is not known), for wares of outstanding beauty and economy in the Regency style of the early 1800s, ensured its preeminence among commercial producers.
Spode's nearest rival was Minton (1796-present), outstanding in the Victorian period for its "art" porcelains. Among Spode's chief followers in producing bone china for the mass market were Davenport (c. 1793-1887); Wedgwood for a short period between 1812 and 1822 (Wedgwood later re-introduced bone china production, and they continue production today); Ridgway, New Hall, and Rockingham. A host of lesser concerns served the expanding middle-class market.
Spode created many of his patterns after Chinese designs, he developed a highly effective method of transfer printing with blue under glazes. He also experimented with a transparent but durable bone china, arriving at a formula that is still used. His son Josiah Spode II, 1754–1827, took over the pottery factory in 1797. He is credited with having introduced feldspar into Spode ware and for producing pottery of a high technical excellence. Spode remained at the forefront of bone china and stone china production until 1833, when the factory was acquired by William Taylor Copeland and Thomas Garrett: it remained under their names until 1847, when Copeland became the sole owner.
Tomas Minton
1765-1836
Thomas Minton founded his factory in 1793/6 in Stoke-upon-Trent. Minton was Spode's nearest rival.
He was famous for Minton ware - a cream-coloured and blue-printed earthenware majolica, bone china, and Parian porcelain; his factory was outstanding in the Victorian period for its "art" porcelains. He also popularized the famous so-called Willow pattern.
Herbert Minton, 1793–1858, succeeded his father as head of the firm, and to him was due its development and reputation. He enlisted the services of artists and skilled artisans.
The first products of the Minton factory were blue transfer-printed wares, but in 1798 bone china (porcelain containing bone ash) was introduced, with considerable success. Until 1836, when Thomas Minton died and his son Herbert took over the business, the factory's staple products consisted of useful and unpretentious tablewares in painted or printed earthenware or bone china, following the typical shapes and decorative patterns of the period; figures and ornamental porcelains were made increasingly from the 1820s. In the 1820s he started production of bone china; this early Minton is regarded as comparable to French Sèvres, by which it was greatly influenced. Minton's was the only English china factory of the 19th century to employ a Sèvres process called pâte-sur-pâte (ie: painted decoration in white clay slip instead of enamel before glazing). Minton also produced Parian figures.
The Minton factory was the most popular supply source in the 19th century of dinnerware made to order for embassies and for heads of state and - continued below ...